Oct 18, 2009

Fichte and the commercial state

I've been reading Eric Weil's 1951 essay on the French Revolution's intellectual impact on Britain and Germany, published in Essais sur la nature, l'histoire et la politique. I hadn't before realized how important Fichte was as a state theorist. 
According to Weil, Fichte, in his book on the Commercial State, was the first really to theorize the relations between state and society in modern terms , i.e. in terms that look forward to state capitalism (or the welfare state). Influenced by Babeuf's "communism" as much as by Kant, he comes to this against economic internationalism. Indeed, Fichte was a physiocrat and didn't like the way economic activity fails to respect national borders, that's why he posits so early a right to work, a right to education, and understands that the state will be required to manage the market's periodic crises.

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